EW was injured in a single vehicle accident on May 3, 2015, when he drove his car into a tree. He had been drinking and blood tests later showed an alcohol level almost three times the legal limit for driving. When paramedics arrived on the scene EW communicated with them but seemed somewhat confused. They applied a test to EW to determine his level of mental impairment, the GCS, and marked him as 13 out of a maximum score of 15. At no time did his GCS fall below 13 until he was intubated and anesthetized for surgery.